In reply to Professor Bunsen:
Unfortunately I don't know of any courses in particular but I'm sure they must exist. That said, it is perfectly feasible to learn from the resources available online. For what it's worth, the following is more or less what I've learned and it has worked for me - take that as you will.
The biggest considerations before you start printing are colour accuracy and brightness.
I would recommend buying a decent monitor and a screen calibrator first. Decide if you are happy to shoot in the sRGB colour space or if you want to use the wider Adobe RGB colour space. If the former, you only 'need' a 99-100% sRGB monitor which will be far cheaper than the Adobe RGB equivalent. Worth reading into this before you decide - also see Alex Nail/ Tim Parkin's video on colour spaces on YouTube.
Figure out the correct monitor brightness and room brightness - usually much less bright than default settings; the calibrator should recommend a screen/ room brightness value you want to achieve. In short, if the monitor is too bright your prints will come out too dark.
I have a Canon pro 300 and I'm very happy with it. A4 is pretty small to be honest and I think if you're going to invest in printing you should go for an A3 printer, at least. The 300 is up to A3+ which is a fair bit bigger than A3 but not unmanageable.
Once you have a printer, get custom ICC profiles from your paper manufacturer. They should give you instructions on how to install them - at least Fotospeed do.
If you've calibrated your monitor, set your screen/ room to the correct brightness level and set up your ICC profiles, there really isn't much you ought to have to do to see good results in the print. All I tend to do is lift the darkest shadows a bit and sharpen for print - again, YouTube is full of advice on 'soft proofing' for print and all the rest.
Personally, other than being out in the hills, I've found printing to be the most satisfying aspect of photography as a hobby. If you're going to the effort of lugging around a big camera, it just doesn't make sense (to me) to end the process with a relatively tiny image viewed on a laptop or mobile phone.
Good luck.