In reply to henwardian:
> While all 3 are moving, it's only really the movement of the satellite that is changing things because the the earth is orbiting the sun and so is the satellite (with a path that is, to within a tiny degree, exactly the same as the earth.
Except that the satellite is in Lunar orbit. But yes, what matters is the motion of the satellite relative to the Earth-Sun axis.
> When the sun is obscured behind the earth, there should be a complete bright ring around the edge as there is plenty of atmosphere to refract light
But realise that "refraction" does not scatter it light in all directions. It diverts the path of the light into one particular direction.
See e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction#/media/File:Refraction_photo.png
So, no, in general you would not see a bright ring just because the sun is behind the earth. You would only see the bright refracted light from a limited range of places. And thus, since the spacecraft is moving, it would only see parts of the ring at any one time.
One could, in principle, see a complete ring, but then the spacecraft would have to be precisely along the Sun-Earth line, AND it would have to be at exactly the right distance from the Earth to see the ring. Presumably neither of those hold exactly in the case of this movie.
It's also possible that local weather is affecting which parts of the ring one can see. Clouds would presumably greatly dim that part of the rim, compared to a clear sky.