In reply to Removed Userevinahmad86:
I claim no advanced knowledge on the subject, but I would suggest the basics are simple. Your body needs to be phsically fit enough for the activity, and used to the type of movement and loads involved. Nothing beats volume, but very progressively from a (very) easy base, involving carrying significant loads (again progressively from a very easy initial load, no need to go looking for extra weight, just carry suff you would like with you on day walks, big picnics, the odd beer or wine bottle, a few luxuries, don't be shy of doing stuff that requires carrying extra stuff with you, it can be fun, your favourite fancy camera, swimming gear, binoculars, stove for cooked food at lunchtime, big flasks of hot drinks) if it feels easy knock it up a notch, if it feels hard knock it back a notch, little by little.
The problem many of us face is a sedentary work life, but although other specific excercies and short focussed sessions have a place, nothing beats the real thing. Your joints need time (longer than you may think) to get used to the loads, and your body needs to be strong enough that it is not being overloaded, if your legs are strong it will minimise knee issues (not by doing short, high load activities).
My thinking on actual technique is small steps on steep ground (up and down) to minimise loads on joints, and using the strength of your legs to control movement (moving slowly and smoothly through the whole movement to minmise jerky impacts). But if you've done enough of the movements building slowly from an easy base you will understand intuitively what works for you, your mind and body will already know what it needs to do.